Exodus 23:20

The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

በዚህ ቋንቋ ገና ትርጉም የለም፤ English እየታየ ነው።

23

1 לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ Thou shalt not utter a false report; put not thy hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.

2 לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרֵֽי־רַבִּ֖ים לְרָעֹ֑ת וְלֹא־תַעֲנֶ֣ה עַל־רִ֗ב לִנְטֹ֛ת אַחֲרֵ֥י רַבִּ֖ים לְהַטֹּֽת׃ Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou bear witness in a cause to turn aside after a multitude to pervert justice;

3 וְדָ֕ל לֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃ {ס} neither shalt thou favour a poor man in his cause.

4 כִּ֣י תִפְגַּ֞ע שׁ֧וֹר אֹֽיִבְךָ֛ א֥וֹ חֲמֹר֖וֹ תֹּעֶ֑ה הָשֵׁ֥ב תְּשִׁיבֶ֖נּוּ לֽוֹ׃ {ס} If thou meet thine enemy’s ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.

5 כִּֽי־תִרְאֶ֞ה חֲמ֣וֹר שֹׂנַאֲךָ֗ רֹבֵץ֙ תַּ֣חַת מַשָּׂא֔וֹ וְחָדַלְתָּ֖ מֵעֲזֹ֣ב ל֑וֹ עָזֹ֥ב תַּעֲזֹ֖ב עִמּֽוֹ׃ {ס} If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under its burden, thou shalt forbear to pass by him; thou shalt surely release it with him.

አሊያህ 5

6 לֹ֥א תַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט אֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃ Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause.

7 מִדְּבַר־שֶׁ֖קֶר תִּרְחָ֑ק וְנָקִ֤י וְצַדִּיק֙ אַֽל־תַּהֲרֹ֔ג כִּ֥י לֹא־אַצְדִּ֖יק רָשָֽׁע׃ Keep thee far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay thou not; for I will not justify the wicked.

8 וְשֹׁ֖חַד לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֙חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים׃ And thou shalt take no gift; for a gift blindeth them that have sight, and perverteth the words of the righteous.

9 וְגֵ֖ר לֹ֣א תִלְחָ֑ץ וְאַתֶּ֗ם יְדַעְתֶּם֙ אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַגֵּ֔ר כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ And a stranger shalt thou not oppress; for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

10 וְשֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים תִּזְרַ֣ע אֶת־אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְאָסַפְתָּ֖ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃ And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and gather in the increase thereof;

11 וְהַשְּׁבִיעִ֞ת תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּה וּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּ וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְיִתְרָ֕ם תֹּאכַ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְכַרְמְךָ֖ לְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃ but the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of thy people may eat; and what they leave the beast of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard.

12 שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה מַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת לְמַ֣עַן יָנ֗וּחַ שֽׁוֹרְךָ֙ וַחֲמֹרֶ֔ךָ וְיִנָּפֵ֥שׁ בֶּן־אֲמָתְךָ֖ וְהַגֵּֽר׃ Six days thou shalt do thy work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest; that thine ox and thine ass may have rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.

13 וּבְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם תִּשָּׁמֵ֑רוּ וְשֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לֹ֣א תַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽיךָ׃ And in all things that I have said unto you take ye heed; and make no mention of the name of other gods, neither let it be heard out of thy mouth. .

14 שָׁלֹ֣שׁ רְגָלִ֔ים תָּחֹ֥ג לִ֖י בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃ Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto Me in the year.

15 אֶת־חַ֣ג הַמַּצּוֹת֮ תִּשְׁמֹר֒ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִים֩ תֹּאכַ֨ל מַצּ֜וֹת כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֗ךָ לְמוֹעֵד֙ חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֔יב כִּי־ב֖וֹ יָצָ֣אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃ The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep; seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, at the time appointed in the month Abib—for in it thou camest out from Egypt; and none shall appear before Me empty;

16 וְחַ֤ג הַקָּצִיר֙ בִּכּוּרֵ֣י מַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּזְרַ֖ע בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְחַ֤ג הָֽאָסִף֙ בְּצֵ֣את הַשָּׁנָ֔ה בְּאׇסְפְּךָ֥ אֶֽת־מַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ and the feast of harvest, the first-fruits of thy labours, which thou sowest in the field; and the feast of ingathering, at the end of the year, when thou gatherest in thy labours out of the field.

17 שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה יֵרָאֶה֙ כׇּל־זְכ֣וּרְךָ֔ אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הָאָדֹ֥ן ׀ יְהֹוָֽה׃ Three times in the year all thy males shall appear before the Lord GOD.

18 לֹֽא־תִזְבַּ֥ח עַל־חָמֵ֖ץ דַּם־זִבְחִ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָלִ֥ין חֵֽלֶב־חַגִּ֖י עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ Thou shalt not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of My feast remain all night until the morning.

19 רֵאשִׁ֗ית בִּכּוּרֵי֙ אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ תָּבִ֕יא בֵּ֖ית יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃ {פ}
The choicest first-fruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother’s milk.

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20 הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ מַלְאָךְ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמׇרְךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲכִנֹֽתִי׃ Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.

21 הִשָּׁ֧מֶר מִפָּנָ֛יו וּשְׁמַ֥ע בְּקֹל֖וֹ אַל־תַּמֵּ֣ר בּ֑וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִשָּׂא֙ לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י שְׁמִ֖י בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ Take heed of him, and hearken unto his voice; be not rebellious against him; for he will not pardon your transgression; for My name is in him.

22 כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹל֔וֹ וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ וְצַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־צֹרְרֶֽיךָ׃ But if thou shalt indeed hearken unto his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries.

23 כִּֽי־יֵלֵ֣ךְ מַלְאָכִי֮ לְפָנֶ֒יךָ֒ וֶהֱבִֽיאֲךָ֗ אֶל־הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהַפְּרִזִּי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וְהִכְחַדְתִּֽיו׃ For Mine angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Canaanite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; and I will cut them off.

24 לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֤ה לֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א תׇֽעׇבְדֵ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה כְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם כִּ֤י הָרֵס֙ תְּהָ֣רְסֵ֔ם וְשַׁבֵּ֥ר תְּשַׁבֵּ֖ר מַצֵּבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their doings; but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and break in pieces their pillars.

25 וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֗ם אֵ֚ת יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵרַ֥ךְ אֶֽת־לַחְמְךָ֖ וְאֶת־מֵימֶ֑יךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֥י מַחֲלָ֖ה מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ {ס} And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and He will bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.

አሊያህ 7

26 לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֛ה מְשַׁכֵּלָ֥ה וַעֲקָרָ֖ה בְּאַרְצֶ֑ךָ אֶת־מִסְפַּ֥ר יָמֶ֖יךָ אֲמַלֵּֽא׃ None shall miscarry, nor be barren, in thy land; the number of thy days I will fulfil.

27 אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי֙ אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהַמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־כׇּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖א בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כׇּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף׃ I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.

28 וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

29 לֹ֧א אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בְּשָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת פֶּן־תִּהְיֶ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְרַבָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ I will not drive them out from before thee in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against thee.

30 מְעַ֥ט מְעַ֛ט אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְרֶ֔ה וְנָחַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.

31 וְשַׁתִּ֣י אֶת־גְּבֻלְךָ֗ מִיַּם־סוּף֙ וְעַד־יָ֣ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִמִּדְבָּ֖ר עַד־הַנָּהָ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּיֶדְכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וְגֵרַשְׁתָּ֖מוֹ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ And I will set thy border from the Red Sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness unto athe River; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and thou shalt drive them out before thee.

32 לֹֽא־תִכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם וְלֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם בְּרִֽית׃ Thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor with their gods.

33 לֹ֤א יֵשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאַרְצְךָ֔ פֶּן־יַחֲטִ֥יאוּ אֹתְךָ֖ לִ֑י כִּ֤י תַעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ {פ}
They shall not dwell in thy land—lest they make thee sin against Me, for thou wilt serve their gods—for they will be a snare unto thee.

Miqra according to the Masorah · ፈቃድ: CC BY-SA · ምንጭ
The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917) · ፈቃድ: Public Domain · ምንጭ

ቃል በቃል (Hebrew → English · Strong’s)

הִנֵּ֨הhinnêhlo!
אָנֹכִ֜יʼânôkîyI
שֹׁלֵ֤חַshâlachto send away
מַלְאָךְ֙mălʼâka messenger
לְפָנֶ֔יךָpânîymthe face
לִשְׁמָרְךָ֖shâmarto hedge about
בַּדָּ֑רֶךְdereka road
וְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔bôwʼto go or come
אֶלʼêlnear
הַמָּק֖וֹםmâqôwma standing
אֲשֶׁ֥רʼăsherwho
הֲכִנֹֽתִיkûwnto be erect

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0); Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (CC BY-SA).

Exodus 23:20 in every translation

English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Behold, I will send an angel before you, to guard you on the way, and to bring you to the place that I have prepared.

ፈቃድ: CC BY

English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Behold, I shall send an angel before you [(the L-rd here apprising them that they would sin, that He would not go up among them (33:3) and that they would require an intermediary)], to watch over you on the way, and to bring you to the place that I have readied [for you].

ፈቃድ: CC BY

עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah

הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ מַלְאָךְ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמׇרְךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲכִנֹֽתִי׃

ፈቃድ: CC BY-SA

English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra

הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ מַלְאָךְ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמָרְךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲכִנֹֽתִי׃

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Text Only

הנה אנכי שלח מלאך לפניך לשמרך בדרך ולהביאך אל המקום אשר הכנתי

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Nikkud

הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ מַלְאָךְ לְפָנֶיךָ לִשְׁמָרְךָ בַּדָּרֶךְ וְלַהֲבִיאֲךָ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר הֲכִנֹתִי׃

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]

זע, איך שיק דיר פֿאַרױס אַ מלאך, דיך צו היטן אױפֿן װעג, און דיך צו ברענגען צו דעם אָרט װאָס איך האָב אָנגעברײט.

ፈቃድ: CC0

Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]

"Or, j’enverrai devant toi un mandataire, chargé de veiller sur ta marche et de te conduire au lieu que je t’ai destiné.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]

Ecco io mando innanzi a te un inviato, che ti custodisca lungo il viaggio, e ti conduca al luogo da me preparato.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]

Oto Ja wysyłam anioła przed tobą, aby cię strzegł na drodze, i aby cię zaprowadził na miejsce, które przygotowałem.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]

Siehe, ich sende einen Engel vor dir her, dich zu bewahren auf dem Wege und dich zu bringen an den Ort, den ich bereitet habe.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]

Siehe, ich sende einen Boten vor dich her, dich auf dem Wege zu hüten und dich zu der Stätte, die ich vorbereitet habe, hinzubringen.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]

Jen Mi sendas anĝelon antaŭ vi, por gardi vin sur la vojo, kaj por venigi vin al la loko, kiun Mi pretigis.

ፈቃድ: Public Domain

Commentary on Exodus 23:20

Rashi

English

Here they were told that they would sin in the future (with the Golden Calf) and the Divine Presence would then say I will not ascend in your midst.

That I prepared to give you, that is the simple psaht. The medrashic interpretation-My place is recognized as being opposite it; this is one of the verses that tells us that the Heavenly Temple is aligned with the earthly Temple

Sefaria Community Translation · ፈቃድ: CC0 · Full commentary on Sefaria

Targum Jonathan

English

Behold, I will send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee in to the place of My habitation which I have prepared.

The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · ፈቃድ: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ibn Ezra

עברית

הנה אנכי. אמר השם למשה שיאמר גם זה לישראל. כי אם יקבלו כל הדברים והמשפטים מתחלת אתם ראיתם אז יביאם אל הארץ ורבים השתבשו בזה.

יש אומרים כי המלאך [הוא] ספר תורה בעבור כי שמי בקרבו ואחרים אמרו [הוא] ארון הברית. ופירשו ושמע בקולו הכתוב בו ואמרו לא ישא השם לפשעכם. וכל אלה דברי רוח כי כל התורה והמקרא מלאים מזה הטעם. הוא ישלח מלאכו לפניך. המלאך הגואל אותי מכל רע. ומשה אמר וישלח מלאך ויוציאנו ממצרים. ומלאך פניו הושיעם ויצא מלאך ה' ויאמר ה' למלאך המשחית בעם. אלהי שלח מלאכיה. דמה לבר אלהין ורבים כאלה. ובספר דניאל שר יון ושר פרס. כי אם מיכאל שרכם. והוא הנקרא הגדול כי הוא נכבד מאחרים רבים. גם כתוב עליו. אחד השרים הראשונים בא לעזרני. שפירושו במעלה כמו היושבים ראשונה במלכות. וזה המלאך הוא מיכאל:

לשמרך בדרך. שלא יגע בך רע:

אשר הכינותי. לך. כדרך בהנחל עליון גוים. כאשר אפרש:

On Your Way · ፈቃድ: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ramban (Nachmanides)

English

BEHOLD, I SEND AN ANGEL BEFORE THEE. “Here they were informed that they would sin [by worshipping the golden calf] and that the Divine Glory would be saying to them, For I will not go up in the midst of thee.
FOR MY NAME IS IN HIM. This is connected with the beginning of this verse: Take heed of him, for My Name is associated with him. Our Rabbis explained that the angel referred to is Mattatron]. whose name in numerical value is equal to that of his Master, for the sum of the letter-numbers of the name Mattatron is equal to that of Sha-dai (Almighty).” All this is the language of Rashi. In Eileh Shemoth Rabbah I have likewise seen that one of the Sages interprets the verse in this way, referring to the worshipping of the calf.
But one must ask that [we find that] this decree of I send an angel before thee did not actually take place, for the Holy One, blessed be He, had said to Moses, And I will send an angel before thee… for I will not go up in the midst of thee, but Moses pleaded for mercy on this and said, If Thy presence go not, carry us not up hence. For wherein now shall it be known that I have found grace in Thy sight, I and Thy people? is it not in that Thou goest with us?, Verses 15-16. And the Holy One, blessed be He, consented to him and told him, I will do also this thing that thou hast spoken., Verse 17. Thus also did the Rabbis interpret it: “Even as a guide we refused to accept him, as it is written, If Thy presence go not, carry us not up hence.”, Verses 15-16.
The answer according to this opinion of the Rabbis is that this decree was not fulfilled in the days of Moses, and it is with reference to this that Moses said, So that we are distinguished, I and Thy people,, Verse 16. and G-d answered him, For thou hast found grace in My sight, and I know thee by name,, Verse 17. and He further said, And all the people among which thou art shall see the work of the Eternal [that I am about to do];, 34:10. however, after the death of Moses our Teacher He did send with them the angel. It is with reference to this that Scripture states: And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand, and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him: ‘Art thou for us, or for our adversaries? ‘And he said: ‘Nay, but I am captain of the …

Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976 · ፈቃድ: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria

Rashbam
English

שולח מלאך, as we know from Joshua 5,14 where the angel introduced himself as having been sent to decisively assist Israel.

Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · ፈቃድ: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria

Da'at Zekenim
English

Behold, I am sending an angel. By merit of the Ten Commandments that begin with "I am", I am sending an angel before you to guard you. Alternatively, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, "Behold I am sending an angel." Moses said to Him, "I am not asking for an angel to go with us, but You in Your glory. And if Your presence does not go with us, we will not move from here." The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, "I am not even sending an angel, just the hornet," as it is written, (Deuteronomy 7:20) "And also the hornet." And specifically in this world He sends the hornet, but in the future world (Malachi 3:23) "Behold I am sending Elijah the prophet to you", as it says, "Behold I am sending an angel before you."

Sefaria Community Translation · ፈቃድ: CC0 · Full commentary on Sefaria

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